一
在所有關於打開日本門戶及向美國政府提出領有福爾摩沙的建議的美
Samuel Eliot Morison為什麼能寫出那麼多麼好書?原因是他出身美國有名
二
我今天要把這本書中與福爾摩沙(台灣)有關的內容告訴建州兄姊、
“In order to procure a better source of bituminous coal, the Commodore sent two ships to investigate the mines of Formosa, then a lightly held and underdeveloped part of the Chinese Empire. Macedonian, ----------, rendezvoused with Supply at the port of Keelung (Chilung) at the northern cape of Formosa (Taiwan) on 21 July [, 1854]. There Captain Abbot sent Chaplain Jones (who added the post of squadron geologist to his clerical function) to seek out coal mines, and he found no fewer than eight. Fair steam coal could be delivered at Keelung for only $1.50 a ton. And no objection was raised by Formosa mandarins to the American ships’ buying all they wanted.” (p. 397) [為了獲得較好的瀝青煤的供應來源,白理將軍派了兩艘船,調查福
“---------the Commodore waxes enthusiastic over the possibilities of the “magnificent island” of Formosa and its enormous natural wealth. The imperial government is so feeble that “an American settlement at Kelung would be looked upon with favor by the Chinese.” Kelung would not only be a good base for putting down piracy, but “a port of general resort for vessels of all nations .” Every country would benefit by “an American settlement, once firmly established in Formosa.“ Perry begs the American public not to regard "colony" as a dirty word, or object to small settlements "established merely for purposes of trade or some religious or moral object” like the trading factories of the Portuguese and Spanish discoverers; Port Lloyd and Kelung, for example. (p. 425) [白理將軍對美國領有福爾摩沙這個宏偉壯麗的島嶼以及擁有其豐富
三
底下我做一點補充與註解。
在7/10/2014日,我張貼了「拜訪Commodore Matthew C. Perry (美國海軍准將白理)在紐約的故居」一文,我說:
//
這位鄉親的哥哥娶的老婆是以前台灣煤業大亨顏雲年家族的女兒,這
Port Lloyd,羅伊港,位於Bonin Islands,Bonin Islands就是今天日本的小笠原諸島。
Kelung是白理將軍對基隆(Keelung, Chilung)這個地名的寫法。
1854年7月,白理將軍派遣兩艘船到台灣北部,進行台灣地區地
我現在藉白理將軍的傳記的最後一章(Home Port, 1854-1858)的相關部分,來介紹Commodore Perry的海外拓殖思想,同時借該書的作者S. E. Morison的說法,來解釋為什麼白理當年欲領有台灣的計劃遭
“Old Bruin”這本傳記最後一章有Perry s Policies and Prophecies”( 白理的政策與預言)這麼一節,我們認為它是這本傳記的精華,也是
Every country would benefit by an American settlement, once firmly established in Formosa. Perry begs the American public not to regard colony as a dirty word, ----- (p. 425)[ 白理將軍說,「一旦美國在福爾摩沙的移居地被堅固地建立起來,每
由於白理將軍構想中的美國在東方拓殖的重點是在福爾摩沙(台灣)
------- he also made a happier prophesy: America cannot escape the responsibilities by her growing wealth and power. ‘In the developments of the future, the destinies of our nation must assume conspicuous attitudes. Assuming that ‘an overruling Providence; directs our ultimate destiny to the Far East, we had better think seriously about it, and make certain that we act justly and honorably. (p.427) [白理將軍做了一項快樂的預言: 由於美國的財富與力量在增加,它不能逃避它的責任。他說,「在未
------ the Commodore stresses the need of a United States line of Pacific mail steamers and, for the first time in any of his published writings, gives his views on missions. ----- He is interested in enlightening heathenism, and imparting a knowledge of that revealed truth of God, which ---- advances man s progress here, and gives him his only safe ground of hope for hereafter. But to Christianize a strange people, the first important step should be to gain their confidence and respect. (pp.427-428) [白理將軍對會給拓殖地的人民帶來進步的異教啟蒙與上帝的天啟真
Taken together with his remarks scattered through the official Narrative, these three papers establish Perry s reputation as a social and strategic thinker. He emphatically regarded the Pacific --- not the Caribbean which he knew even better --- as America s sea of destiny. He foresaw that strategic control of the Pacific, which the United States finally asserted in 1945, would be a national necessity. He advocated the acquisition of coaling stations, naval bases and the like, for which the American government cared nothing in his day but finally came around to in the twentieth century. It is, therefore, correct to call Perry an imperialist, but he was an imperialist with a difference, eschewing forcible annexation, punitive expeditions, or forcing religion and trade on people who desired neither. He believed that it was America s mission to bring Christianity, self-government, and a social conscience to heathen lands; but that it could not be done without American strategic control of a vast ocean which by the law of nature and of nations was free for all. (pp. 428-429) [我們若檢視散見於白理將軍從東方返回美國之後、奉美國政府之命
Perry s paper created a mild sensation, but his ideas were soon lost sight of. Events were tumbling over one another toward the Civil War.-------- America had no wish nor could she spare the time or the energy to implement Perrys farsighted proposals. Her thoughts were turned inward, upon problems that were tearing her apart. (p.430) [白理將軍的論文引起了若干回應,但他的想法很快地就被拋諸腦後
五
.
我現在對我在上面引述的部分做一些解釋與補述。
第一,關於白理「主張美國必須在太平洋及東方取得加媒站及海軍基
第二,在美國人打完內戰及打完對印地安人的戰爭之後,開始又回過
第三,關於「白理將軍的論文引起了若干回應,但他的想法很快地就
現在讓我借用S. E. Morison所寫的「白理將軍傳」的結尾(Epilogue
Perry s plans for coaling stations at Port Lloyd and Naha were not accepted by his government. In view of what happened in World War II, one is tempted to regard this decision as shortsighted; -----------; [白理將軍在The Bonin Islands羅伊港與琉球群島那霸建立船舶加媒站的計劃沒有被
In Okinawa, Perry’s proposals to establish American influence (which he called surveillance) were never implemented; the Pierce administration washed its hands of Lew Chew, -------[白理要在沖繩建立美國的勢力(白理稱它為「看
Of Perry s proposed three-pronged insular empire there remains Formosa. Over this Beautiful Isle he proposed, with China consent, to establish a protectorate in order to control the coal-bearing northern end, and suppress the piratical activities of the east-coast aborigines. The Reverend Dr. Peter Parker, the medical missionary whom President Pierce appointed minister to China in 1855, strongly urged this on his government; but the Pierce administration instructed both the ambitious doctor and his successor to keep hands off Formosa. In the meantime, with Parkers encouragement, two American China hands at Hong Kong obtained from local mandarins a camphor exporting concession at Takao (now Kaohsiung) on the southwest coast of Formosa, and ran up the Stars and Stripes at the harbor entrance. After two years profitable trade they sold out to an English firm. That was the end of the American colony in Formosa. [在白理將軍策劃的、有三支分叉的「美國島嶼帝國」中的一支分叉
China s failure to exercise control over the wild coast of Formosa stimulated Japan to acquire the island; at the end of her war with China in 1895, she secured it for fifty years. Reoccupied by China in 1945, Taiwan (Formosa) became the seat of Chiang Kai-Shek s Nationalist Chinese government. Hence, by another unpredictable overturn, Chiang s dependence on subsidies has made Formosa a fulcrum of American strategic power in the Orient. [清國在原住民族所住居的福爾摩沙海岸地區無力行使有效的管轄,
Thus, by devious ways and through strange chances, Perry s ambition for his country to control the Western Pacific through naval bases in the Bonins, Okinawa, and Formosa, reached fruition about a century after his death. [就這樣,藉由迂迴的方式或途徑以及通過奇特的機遇,白理將軍要
七
S. E. Morison提到了與白理將軍同時代、也一樣主張美國必須對福
八
最後,讓我節錄柯喬治(葛超智,George Kerr,他原來很愛台灣,很關心台灣人民的命運與前途,但後來
In 1853-1854 Commodore Perry wanted to annex Formosa, but knowing that Washington would not approve, suggested a joint Sino-American economic and administrative program, indicating that he thought a well-established American community would in due course petition for union with the United States as the Americans in Hawaii were then proposing to do. He envisioned Formosa as an American outpost guaranteeing peace and order along the Western Pacific rim. [在1853-1854年,白理將軍想要合併福爾摩沙,但那時的
了解台灣建州運動的鄉親與朋友們當然都知道: 建州工作者就是努力要在台灣建立有民意支持基礎的「亞美利加社群
台灣建州運動發起人周威霖
David C. Chou
Founder, Formosa Statehood Movement
(an organization devoted in current stage to making Taiwan a territorial commonwealth of the United States)
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