"The People on Taiwan" 與"The People of Taiwan"不同嗎? (台灣建州派對若干議題或事件的追蹤或解釋(E))
(November, 2012發表) (下)
(November, 2012發表) (下)
(這一篇文章原是我們過去撰寫與發表的文章, 最近由於YuYu在建州臉書網頁上詢問, 所以我就把它拿出來張貼在臉書上, 現在這個版本基本上跟原來的版本一樣, 只不過增添了幾個字, 我希望這篇文章能破除一些政治神棍的謬論, 那些政治神棍說話是不打草稿也不負責任的, 他們的謬論混淆了視聽, 毒害了台灣人民的思想, 這篇文章應該可以起到導正的作用, 請YuYu及所有的朋友們仔細閱讀、參考並設法散發.)
五
現在我們進一步來看美國國會參眾兩院議員在「台灣關係法」立法的階段中的發言記錄，這樣我們就可以對The People on Taiwan、The People of Taiwan------等等名詞的意含更加了解。
Taiwan Relations Act
22 USC 3301, Sec. 2(c)
Nothing contained in this Act shall contravene the interest of the United States in human rights, especially with respect to the human rights of all the approximately eighteen million inhabitants of Taiwan. The preservation and enhancement of the human rights of all the people on Taiwan are hereby reaffirmed as objectives of the United States.
在討論Section 2(c)這一部分時，會議記錄中出現"Taiwan's approximately 18 million inhabitants"與"the Taiwan people"，它們都指台灣全體住民或居民，另外，在參院報告中，則出現了這麼一段:
The Committee made clear that this section was not to be construed as authority for Institute officials to intervene in Taiwan's domestic affairs by favoring one or another group of people on Taiwan, or by strengthening United States links with any particular group on Taiwan, -------
我們從這一段可以看出，「台灣關係法」並非專要為台灣某特定族群提供保護或服務的法案。
台灣建州派過去常說，「台灣關係法」不是一部專為「台灣本土人及其後代子孫」的立法，也不是一部專為「台灣本土人及其後代子孫」提供軍事保護與人權保障的立法。
我們過去即不斷指出，「台灣關係法」是親台灣(包括「親台灣本土人」與「親國民黨統治當局」兩類人士)的美國參眾兩院議員、流亡美國的台灣人(他們代表台灣 人)以及台灣的國民黨統治當局的支持與協助下完成的一部法案，它具有無可挑戰的正當性與合法性，而它要保護的對象當然包括各族群在內的台灣全體居民或住民，倘若有什麼人或有什麼黨派宣稱「台灣關係法」只適用於「台灣本土人及其後裔」，而不適用於其他族群，那當然是胡言亂語。
寫到這裡，我們必須特別指出: 「台灣建州運動」所提出的主張是要「為最大多數的台灣住民創造最大的利益與福祉」，我們沒有誇張地說是「為全體台灣住民創造最大的利益與福祉」，原因是: (1)包括台灣建州派在內的台灣所有黨派都無法也不可能為全體台灣住民創造利益與福祉。(2)建州派無法為那為數大約3%-5%反美、心向中國的台灣住民 創造利益與福祉，即便我們想為他們造福，他們也不會接受。(3)建州派訴求與服務的對象是「反中國併吞台灣」的台灣住民與台美人，不分族群或種族(建州派反對種族主義)。
我們再把話題拉回台灣關係法的Section 2(c)。
現在我們來看親台灣本土人的參議員Claiborne Pell 在參院的發言，他說: "I believe the Senate should, in this bill, give some recognition to the plight of the Taiwanese majority and the need for the new Institute to concern itself with the human rights of this majority.------" 。在這裡，Pell 參議員所說的"the Taiwanese majority"係指「台灣本土人」。
眾議員Lester L. Wolff發言道: "What about the native Taiwanese? There are a great number of native Taiwanese on the island. Does the gentlemen believe that we should inject ourselves into the political machinations that might take place to provide the Taiwanese the equipment or the ability to overthrow the existing government?" 在這裡，眾議員Wolff口中的"the native Taiwanese"與"the Taiwanese"指的當然是「台灣本地人」。
眾議員William E. Dannemeyer發言道: "The Republic of China on Taiwan is a growing economic power in Asia. The standard of living of the people has continually improved. Compared to the mainland, the people of Taiwan enjoy many freedoms and rights." 眾議員Dannemeyer使用了"the people of Taiwan"一詞，指的是「台灣全體住民」或「台灣人民」。
眾議員Robert N. McClory與眾議員Dannemeyer一樣，在發言時使用 "the people of Taiwan"一詞，而眾議員William L. Dickinson則使用 "the 17 million free people if the Republic of China (ROC) who live on Taiwan"這種比較親國民黨統治當局的說法，他這種特殊的說法也在指「台灣全體住民」。
當年為台灣的民主化奔走的「國會四人幫」之一員的眾議員Jim Leach做了如下的發言: "In addition, it would be my hope that in any legislation dealing with the legitimate security needs of the Taiwanese people, a strong sense of the Congress should be established that the U.S. Government not transfer any weapons, such as riot control equipment, which are of a nature that appear primarily oriented to maintaining internal order as opposed to external security." 這一段話中的 "the Taiwanese people"應係指「台灣人民」或「台灣全體住民」。
Leach 眾議員又說: "In the case of Taiwan the subcommittee has the opportunity to build into the legislation language which will clearly demonstrate to the world and to the Taiwanese that the U.S. Congress is willing to go on record as encouraging authorities on the island to grant the native Taiwanese full democratic participation in the political process. Majority rule based on respect for individual rights us the lynch-pin of our own society as well as our human rights foreign policy. We should not shy away from advocating such a policy for the Taiwanese people." 這一段話十分重要，因為Leach道出要在台灣建立「多數統治」的想法。在這一段發言中，"the native Taiwanese"指的當然是「台灣本土人」，而"the Taiwanese"與"the Taiwanese people"則可解為「台灣人民」或「台灣本土人」。
Leach眾議員還有一段很重要的發言，建州派把它貼出來，讓今天的台灣人知 道他對台灣人民(特別是台灣本地人)的偉大貢獻: "Just as it should be made clear to the PRC that the United States will not lightly countenance the use of force against Taiwan, it should be made clear to the Nationalist government that the United States does not easily condone the suffocation of the basic freedoms on Taiwan. Accordingly, I would like to strongly endorse the language introduced in the other body by Senator Pell which underscores our concern for democratic rights on Taiwan. That language specifies that: In carrying out its activities, the Institute shall take all appropriate steps to strengthen and expand the ties between the people of the United States and the people of Taiwan and to promote full human rights for all the people of Taiwan." 在這段重要的發言中，Leach的"the people of Taiwan"指的可能是與台灣統治當局相對的「台灣人民」，而"all the people of Taiwan"指的當然是人權被國民黨統治當局剝奪的「台灣全體住民」。
六
我們現在來看「台灣關係法」Sec. 15(2)有關「台灣」一詞的定義:
Taiwan Relations Act
22 USC 3301, Sec. 15(2)
For purposes of this Act the term, ------ "Taiwan" includes, as the context may require, the islands of Taiwan and the Pescadores, the people on those islands, corporations and other entities and associations created or organized under the laws applied on those islands, and the governing authorities on Taiwan recognized by the United States as the Republic of China prior to January 1, 1979, and any successor governing authorities (including political subdivisions, agencies, and instrumentalities thereof).
在參院的報告中說: "Subsection(b) [of Section 101] defines the term 'people on Taiwan' to include the governing authorities on Taiwan and the people governed by those authorities on the islands of Taiwan and the Pescadores, as well as the organizations and other entities formed under the laws of Taiwan.-------" ，Pell參議員在參院的院會中發言, 他說, "The newly coined term of art, "the people on Taiwan," is defined under the bill to include both the governing authorities on Taiwan and the people governed by those authorities." Pell這一段話太精采了, 他指出 "the people on Taiwan"這個詞是'newly coined term of art', 而且這個詞的含意包括「在台灣的人民」與在「台灣的統治當局」, Pell講的這一段話是本文的重點。
七
談到這裡，我們得順便處理一個問題，即根據「台灣關係法」，"the people on Taiwan"或"the people of Taiwan"是否包括金門與馬祖的居民?
根據「台灣關係法」立法的會議記錄，在指涉台灣與美國的經濟、商務、文化、觀光等事務時，"the people on Taiwan"確實包括金門與馬祖兩個島群的居民，但若指涉台灣與美國的安全事務時，"the people on Taiwan"就不包括金門與馬祖兩個島群的居民(不過，倘若共軍對這兩個島群進行軍事冒險，美國國會與白宮會如何處理或回應，則無人能加以預判)。
八
既然我們今天談到「台灣關係法」，也以當年參眾兩院的會議記錄做為討論的基礎，我們現在就順便提及會議記錄中的一、兩個片段，簡略地提一下在「台灣關係法」 之下，台灣的法律地位。在會議記錄中，我們發現有幾個片段的發言指出，「台灣關係法」沒有準備或者不提及或不處理台灣法律地位的問題。(不過，在一些相關 的國會發言與行動中，則顯示「台灣法律地位未定」是無需再加以說明、甚至是不證自明的立場。)
Sen. Church說: "The Senate version referred throughout the bill ------- to make clear as well the bill did not address the issue of Taiwan's international legal identity."
Senate Report: "The Committee also specified that Institute officials were not authorized to become involved in matters affecting the international status of Taiwan."
台灣建州運動發起人周威霖
David C. Chou
Founder, Formosa Statehood Movement
(an organization devoted in current stage to making Taiwan a territorial commonwealth of the United States)
現在我們進一步來看美國國會參眾兩院議員在「台灣關係法」立法的階段中的發言記錄，這樣我們就可以對The People on Taiwan、The People of Taiwan------等等名詞的意含更加了解。
Taiwan Relations Act
22 USC 3301, Sec. 2(c)
Nothing contained in this Act shall contravene the interest of the United States in human rights, especially with respect to the human rights of all the approximately eighteen million inhabitants of Taiwan. The preservation and enhancement of the human rights of all the people on Taiwan are hereby reaffirmed as objectives of the United States.
在討論Section 2(c)這一部分時，會議記錄中出現"Taiwan's approximately 18 million inhabitants"與"the Taiwan people"，它們都指台灣全體住民或居民，另外，在參院報告中，則出現了這麼一段:
The Committee made clear that this section was not to be construed as authority for Institute officials to intervene in Taiwan's domestic affairs by favoring one or another group of people on Taiwan, or by strengthening United States links with any particular group on Taiwan, -------
我們從這一段可以看出，「台灣關係法」並非專要為台灣某特定族群提供保護或服務的法案。
台灣建州派過去常說，「台灣關係法」不是一部專為「台灣本土人及其後代子孫」的立法，也不是一部專為「台灣本土人及其後代子孫」提供軍事保護與人權保障的立法。
我們過去即不斷指出，「台灣關係法」是親台灣(包括「親台灣本土人」與「親國民黨統治當局」兩類人士)的美國參眾兩院議員、流亡美國的台灣人(他們代表台灣 人)以及台灣的國民黨統治當局的支持與協助下完成的一部法案，它具有無可挑戰的正當性與合法性，而它要保護的對象當然包括各族群在內的台灣全體居民或住民，倘若有什麼人或有什麼黨派宣稱「台灣關係法」只適用於「台灣本土人及其後裔」，而不適用於其他族群，那當然是胡言亂語。
寫到這裡，我們必須特別指出: 「台灣建州運動」所提出的主張是要「為最大多數的台灣住民創造最大的利益與福祉」，我們沒有誇張地說是「為全體台灣住民創造最大的利益與福祉」，原因是: (1)包括台灣建州派在內的台灣所有黨派都無法也不可能為全體台灣住民創造利益與福祉。(2)建州派無法為那為數大約3%-5%反美、心向中國的台灣住民 創造利益與福祉，即便我們想為他們造福，他們也不會接受。(3)建州派訴求與服務的對象是「反中國併吞台灣」的台灣住民與台美人，不分族群或種族(建州派反對種族主義)。
我們再把話題拉回台灣關係法的Section 2(c)。
現在我們來看親台灣本土人的參議員Claiborne Pell 在參院的發言，他說: "I believe the Senate should, in this bill, give some recognition to the plight of the Taiwanese majority and the need for the new Institute to concern itself with the human rights of this majority.------" 。在這裡，Pell 參議員所說的"the Taiwanese majority"係指「台灣本土人」。
眾議員Lester L. Wolff發言道: "What about the native Taiwanese? There are a great number of native Taiwanese on the island. Does the gentlemen believe that we should inject ourselves into the political machinations that might take place to provide the Taiwanese the equipment or the ability to overthrow the existing government?" 在這裡，眾議員Wolff口中的"the native Taiwanese"與"the Taiwanese"指的當然是「台灣本地人」。
眾議員William E. Dannemeyer發言道: "The Republic of China on Taiwan is a growing economic power in Asia. The standard of living of the people has continually improved. Compared to the mainland, the people of Taiwan enjoy many freedoms and rights." 眾議員Dannemeyer使用了"the people of Taiwan"一詞，指的是「台灣全體住民」或「台灣人民」。
眾議員Robert N. McClory與眾議員Dannemeyer一樣，在發言時使用 "the people of Taiwan"一詞，而眾議員William L. Dickinson則使用 "the 17 million free people if the Republic of China (ROC) who live on Taiwan"這種比較親國民黨統治當局的說法，他這種特殊的說法也在指「台灣全體住民」。
當年為台灣的民主化奔走的「國會四人幫」之一員的眾議員Jim Leach做了如下的發言: "In addition, it would be my hope that in any legislation dealing with the legitimate security needs of the Taiwanese people, a strong sense of the Congress should be established that the U.S. Government not transfer any weapons, such as riot control equipment, which are of a nature that appear primarily oriented to maintaining internal order as opposed to external security." 這一段話中的 "the Taiwanese people"應係指「台灣人民」或「台灣全體住民」。
Leach 眾議員又說: "In the case of Taiwan the subcommittee has the opportunity to build into the legislation language which will clearly demonstrate to the world and to the Taiwanese that the U.S. Congress is willing to go on record as encouraging authorities on the island to grant the native Taiwanese full democratic participation in the political process. Majority rule based on respect for individual rights us the lynch-pin of our own society as well as our human rights foreign policy. We should not shy away from advocating such a policy for the Taiwanese people." 這一段話十分重要，因為Leach道出要在台灣建立「多數統治」的想法。在這一段發言中，"the native Taiwanese"指的當然是「台灣本土人」，而"the Taiwanese"與"the Taiwanese people"則可解為「台灣人民」或「台灣本土人」。
Leach眾議員還有一段很重要的發言，建州派把它貼出來，讓今天的台灣人知 道他對台灣人民(特別是台灣本地人)的偉大貢獻: "Just as it should be made clear to the PRC that the United States will not lightly countenance the use of force against Taiwan, it should be made clear to the Nationalist government that the United States does not easily condone the suffocation of the basic freedoms on Taiwan. Accordingly, I would like to strongly endorse the language introduced in the other body by Senator Pell which underscores our concern for democratic rights on Taiwan. That language specifies that: In carrying out its activities, the Institute shall take all appropriate steps to strengthen and expand the ties between the people of the United States and the people of Taiwan and to promote full human rights for all the people of Taiwan." 在這段重要的發言中，Leach的"the people of Taiwan"指的可能是與台灣統治當局相對的「台灣人民」，而"all the people of Taiwan"指的當然是人權被國民黨統治當局剝奪的「台灣全體住民」。
六
我們現在來看「台灣關係法」Sec. 15(2)有關「台灣」一詞的定義:
Taiwan Relations Act
22 USC 3301, Sec. 15(2)
For purposes of this Act the term, ------ "Taiwan" includes, as the context may require, the islands of Taiwan and the Pescadores, the people on those islands, corporations and other entities and associations created or organized under the laws applied on those islands, and the governing authorities on Taiwan recognized by the United States as the Republic of China prior to January 1, 1979, and any successor governing authorities (including political subdivisions, agencies, and instrumentalities thereof).
在參院的報告中說: "Subsection(b) [of Section 101] defines the term 'people on Taiwan' to include the governing authorities on Taiwan and the people governed by those authorities on the islands of Taiwan and the Pescadores, as well as the organizations and other entities formed under the laws of Taiwan.-------" ，Pell參議員在參院的院會中發言, 他說, "The newly coined term of art, "the people on Taiwan," is defined under the bill to include both the governing authorities on Taiwan and the people governed by those authorities." Pell這一段話太精采了, 他指出 "the people on Taiwan"這個詞是'newly coined term of art', 而且這個詞的含意包括「在台灣的人民」與在「台灣的統治當局」, Pell講的這一段話是本文的重點。
七
談到這裡，我們得順便處理一個問題，即根據「台灣關係法」，"the people on Taiwan"或"the people of Taiwan"是否包括金門與馬祖的居民?
根據「台灣關係法」立法的會議記錄，在指涉台灣與美國的經濟、商務、文化、觀光等事務時，"the people on Taiwan"確實包括金門與馬祖兩個島群的居民，但若指涉台灣與美國的安全事務時，"the people on Taiwan"就不包括金門與馬祖兩個島群的居民(不過，倘若共軍對這兩個島群進行軍事冒險，美國國會與白宮會如何處理或回應，則無人能加以預判)。
八
既然我們今天談到「台灣關係法」，也以當年參眾兩院的會議記錄做為討論的基礎，我們現在就順便提及會議記錄中的一、兩個片段，簡略地提一下在「台灣關係法」 之下，台灣的法律地位。在會議記錄中，我們發現有幾個片段的發言指出，「台灣關係法」沒有準備或者不提及或不處理台灣法律地位的問題。(不過，在一些相關 的國會發言與行動中，則顯示「台灣法律地位未定」是無需再加以說明、甚至是不證自明的立場。)
Sen. Church說: "The Senate version referred throughout the bill ------- to make clear as well the bill did not address the issue of Taiwan's international legal identity."
Senate Report: "The Committee also specified that Institute officials were not authorized to become involved in matters affecting the international status of Taiwan."
台灣建州運動發起人周威霖
David C. Chou
Founder, Formosa Statehood Movement
(an organization devoted in current stage to making Taiwan a territorial commonwealth of the United States)
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