3/16/2014將舉辦的「克里米亞加入俄羅斯聯邦的複決」與建州派主張的未來 「台灣加入美國公投」之不同(下)
三
我們現在提供幾則新聞報導，供台灣與台美鄉親參考。
由於現在普廷與俄羅斯運用西方的語言與遊戲規則還有西方人的「人民自決」觀念、原則與權利來將西方國家一軍並企圖建立他的新俄羅斯帝國，因此，我們現在看到的是一場精彩的國際法理與法律的論辯與攻防，除了外交與財經的制裁與可能發生的局部性、低強度的準軍事衝突之外。這場國際法理與法律的論辯與攻防也讓我們看到一些當局者、當事人與參與其中的人的角色與精神的錯亂。
“Ukraine's Crimea Raises Tension by Setting Secession Vote”
Western Diplomats Convene in Rome in Bid to Resolve Ukrainian Crisis
By Lukas I. Alpert in Moscow and
Margaret Coker in Simferopol, Ukraine
March 7, 2014
Wall Street Journal
As brazen as Russia's invasion of Ukraine is, it is at least consistent with a philosophy Russian leaders outlined after its war with Georgia in 2008. WSJ's Neil Hickey reports on what Russia means when it talks about a "sphere of privileged interests." Photo: Associated Press.
Crimea's Moscow-backed government voted to secede from Ukraine and join Russia and accelerated a snap referendum to ratify the move, a dramatic escalation of tension that pushed the West closer to imposing sanctions if Russian troops don't withdraw.
The scheduling of the vote for March 16 means that Crimea could be absorbed into Russia in a matter of weeks. It also means the referendum could be held while the region is under de facto Russian occupation—with no opportunity for a free and fair campaign.
A Russian move to absorb Crimea against the will of Ukraine's national government would mark the first time since World War II that such a maneuver had been attempted in Europe.
U.S. and European leaders said Thursday that such a referendum would violate the Ukrainian constitution and international law.
President Barack Obama spoke for an hour Thursday afternoon with Russian President Vladimir Putin, the White House said, stressing Russian violations of Ukrainian sovereignty and urging Moscow to talk to the new government in Kiev. He also urged Mr. Putin to ensure all Russian forces return to their bases and to support new elections in May.
In a televised address in the capital of Kiev, acting Ukrainian President Oleksandr Turchynov called the referendum "a farce and a crime against the state, organized by Russia."
On Tuesday, Mr. Putin said Russia wasn't interested in annexing Crimea, a predominantly Russian-speaking region that is home to Russia's Black Sea Fleet. On Thursday, the Kremlin said Mr. Putin had discussed the possibility of Crimea becoming part of Russia with his security council.
The Russian parliament also was preparing to move up consideration of a draft law that would ease the annexation of new territories, and officials said it could be passed in time for the referendum.
European leaders had been caught between a desire to show forceful action and a desire to leave a pathway for diplomacy. The Crimean parliament's action tipped the balance, since it seemed a big step in the process of Russia taking over the region. German Chancellor Angela Merkel said the leaders felt that "we must react in view of what happened today."
"These last days have seen perhaps the most serious challenge to security on our continent since the Balkan wars," said Herman Van Rompuy, president of the European Council, who chaired the summit.
Ukraine's Prime Minister Arseniy Yatsenyuk, who was in Brussels meeting with European leaders, said his country's constitution has no provision for such a referendum, making it illegal.
"This is an illegitimate decision," he said. "Crimea was, is, and will be an integral part of Ukraine."
Crimea's parliament said the decision to hold a referendum was "the result of the unconstitutional coup" that put a new government in place in Kiev last month following months of street protests. It also cited the "flagrant violation of the laws of Ukraine" by nationalist forces since the ouster of the former president.
The gunmen took over the parliament and presided over the installation of a new pro-Russian governor for the region, who then announced a referendum would be held on the more vaguely described issue of increased autonomy from Kiev.
It was initially set for May 25, the same day Kiev's new government has set to pick the country's next president. Crimea's parliament later moved it forward to March 30, then Thursday moved it to March 16.
Crimea's parliament also voted Thursday in favor of joining Russia, but lawmakers said the final decision will rest with the people, with a simple majority in the referendum sufficing.
Among the issues being explored, according to U.S. and Russian officials, are the introduction of more international monitors into Ukraine, clearer guidelines for May's presidential election and ways to safeguard ethnic Russians in the country.
Meanwhile, U.S. military officials began delivering on increased military support to other countries in the region and to the North Atlantic Treaty Organization. The Pentagon sent six additional F-15 fighter jets to Lithuania, bringing the total U.S. force to 10 fighter planes available to participate in air patrols in the Baltic region.
The Pentagon also is stepping up aviation training in Poland, but has not decided on how many airmen it will send. Polish officials said they expect 300 U.S. airmen, but a defense official said the military is "considering a range of options."
(Naftali Bendavid and Carol E. Lee contributed to this article.)
“Crimea Approves a Secession Vote as Tensions Rise”
By DAVID M. HERSZENHORN, MICHAEL R. GORDON and ALISSA J. RUBIN
New York Times
MARCH 6, 2014
SIMFEROPOL, Ukraine — The volatile confrontation over the future of Ukraine took another tense turn on Thursday as Russian allies in Crimea sought annexation by Moscow and the United States imposed its first sanctions on Russian officials involved in the military occupation of the strategic peninsula.
The pro-Russia regional Parliament in Crimea crossed another line set by the United States and Europe by voting to hold a referendum on whether to secede from Ukraine and become part of Russia. It scheduled the vote for March 16, hoping to win popular approval for the Russian military seizure of the region. But the authorities in the Ukrainian capital, Kiev, backed by the United States and Europe, denounced the move.
In Yalta and Simferopol, Crimean citizens spoke about the planned referendum on whether to break from Ukraine and join the Russian Federation.
“Any discussion about the future of Ukraine must include the legitimate government of Ukraine,” Mr. Obama said in his only public remarks on the crisis on Thursday. “In 2014, we are well beyond the days when borders can be redrawn over the heads of democratic leaders.”
Early Friday, the Kremlin released a statement describing the phone call. “In the course of the discussion there emerged differences in approaches and assessments of the causes which brought about the current crisis and the resulting state of affairs,” the statement said. “Vladimir Putin, for his part, noted that this had occurred as a result of an anticonstitutional coup which does not have a national mandate.”
It went on to say that the current Ukrainian leadership has imposed “absolutely illegitimate decisions” on the eastern and southeastern regions of the country. “Russia cannot ignore appeals connected to this, calls for help, and acts appropriately, in accordance with international law,” the statement said. Mr. Putin, the statement said, appreciated the importance of the Russian-American relationship to global security, and added that bilateral ties “should not be sacrificed for individual — albeit rather important — international problems.”
European Union leaders issued a statement in Brussels calling an annexation referendum “contrary to the Ukrainian Constitution and therefore illegal.”
The sanctions Mr. Obama approved Thursday imposed visa bans on officials and other individuals deemed responsible for undermining Ukrainian sovereignty and territorial integrity. The administration would not disclose the names or number of people penalized, but a senior official said privately that it would affect just under a dozen people, mostly Russians but some Ukrainians.
Ukraine’s acting president, Oleksandr V. Turchynov, scoffed at a planned referendum under the watch of foreign troops. “This will be a farce,” he said in a televised address. “This will be false. This will be a crime against the state.”
If the referendum is held and most Crimeans opt to join Russia, it could create a thorny problem for the United States and European countries that typically support self-determination but oppose independence for regions in their own borders, like Scotland or Catalonia. [若克里米亞人民的複決被舉辦且多數的克里米亞人選擇加入俄羅斯，這將給美國及西歐國家製造一個棘手的問題，因為
這些國家典型地支持人民自決但又反對在它們自己境內發生的獨立運動。]我們現在提供幾則新聞報導，供台灣與台美鄉親參考。
由於現在普廷與俄羅斯運用西方的語言與遊戲規則還有西方人的「人民自決」觀念、原則與權利來將西方國家一軍並企圖建立他的新俄羅斯帝國，因此，我們現在看到的是一場精彩的國際法理與法律的論辯與攻防，除了外交與財經的制裁與可能發生的局部性、低強度的準軍事衝突之外。這場國際法理與法律的論辯與攻防也讓我們看到一些當局者、當事人與參與其中的人的角色與精神的錯亂。
“Ukraine's Crimea Raises Tension by Setting Secession Vote”
Western Diplomats Convene in Rome in Bid to Resolve Ukrainian Crisis
By Lukas I. Alpert in Moscow and
Margaret Coker in Simferopol, Ukraine
March 7, 2014
Wall Street Journal
As brazen as Russia's invasion of Ukraine is, it is at least consistent with a philosophy Russian leaders outlined after its war with Georgia in 2008. WSJ's Neil Hickey reports on what Russia means when it talks about a "sphere of privileged interests." Photo: Associated Press.
Crimea's Moscow-backed government voted to secede from Ukraine and join Russia and accelerated a snap referendum to ratify the move, a dramatic escalation of tension that pushed the West closer to imposing sanctions if Russian troops don't withdraw.
The scheduling of the vote for March 16 means that Crimea could be absorbed into Russia in a matter of weeks. It also means the referendum could be held while the region is under de facto Russian occupation—with no opportunity for a free and fair campaign.
A Russian move to absorb Crimea against the will of Ukraine's national government would mark the first time since World War II that such a maneuver had been attempted in Europe.
U.S. and European leaders said Thursday that such a referendum would violate the Ukrainian constitution and international law.
President Barack Obama spoke for an hour Thursday afternoon with Russian President Vladimir Putin, the White House said, stressing Russian violations of Ukrainian sovereignty and urging Moscow to talk to the new government in Kiev. He also urged Mr. Putin to ensure all Russian forces return to their bases and to support new elections in May.
In a televised address in the capital of Kiev, acting Ukrainian President Oleksandr Turchynov called the referendum "a farce and a crime against the state, organized by Russia."
On Tuesday, Mr. Putin said Russia wasn't interested in annexing Crimea, a predominantly Russian-speaking region that is home to Russia's Black Sea Fleet. On Thursday, the Kremlin said Mr. Putin had discussed the possibility of Crimea becoming part of Russia with his security council.
The Russian parliament also was preparing to move up consideration of a draft law that would ease the annexation of new territories, and officials said it could be passed in time for the referendum.
European leaders had been caught between a desire to show forceful action and a desire to leave a pathway for diplomacy. The Crimean parliament's action tipped the balance, since it seemed a big step in the process of Russia taking over the region. German Chancellor Angela Merkel said the leaders felt that "we must react in view of what happened today."
"These last days have seen perhaps the most serious challenge to security on our continent since the Balkan wars," said Herman Van Rompuy, president of the European Council, who chaired the summit.
Ukraine's Prime Minister Arseniy Yatsenyuk, who was in Brussels meeting with European leaders, said his country's constitution has no provision for such a referendum, making it illegal.
"This is an illegitimate decision," he said. "Crimea was, is, and will be an integral part of Ukraine."
Crimea's parliament said the decision to hold a referendum was "the result of the unconstitutional coup" that put a new government in place in Kiev last month following months of street protests. It also cited the "flagrant violation of the laws of Ukraine" by nationalist forces since the ouster of the former president.
The gunmen took over the parliament and presided over the installation of a new pro-Russian governor for the region, who then announced a referendum would be held on the more vaguely described issue of increased autonomy from Kiev.
It was initially set for May 25, the same day Kiev's new government has set to pick the country's next president. Crimea's parliament later moved it forward to March 30, then Thursday moved it to March 16.
Crimea's parliament also voted Thursday in favor of joining Russia, but lawmakers said the final decision will rest with the people, with a simple majority in the referendum sufficing.
Among the issues being explored, according to U.S. and Russian officials, are the introduction of more international monitors into Ukraine, clearer guidelines for May's presidential election and ways to safeguard ethnic Russians in the country.
Meanwhile, U.S. military officials began delivering on increased military support to other countries in the region and to the North Atlantic Treaty Organization. The Pentagon sent six additional F-15 fighter jets to Lithuania, bringing the total U.S. force to 10 fighter planes available to participate in air patrols in the Baltic region.
The Pentagon also is stepping up aviation training in Poland, but has not decided on how many airmen it will send. Polish officials said they expect 300 U.S. airmen, but a defense official said the military is "considering a range of options."
(Naftali Bendavid and Carol E. Lee contributed to this article.)
“Crimea Approves a Secession Vote as Tensions Rise”
By DAVID M. HERSZENHORN, MICHAEL R. GORDON and ALISSA J. RUBIN
New York Times
MARCH 6, 2014
SIMFEROPOL, Ukraine — The volatile confrontation over the future of Ukraine took another tense turn on Thursday as Russian allies in Crimea sought annexation by Moscow and the United States imposed its first sanctions on Russian officials involved in the military occupation of the strategic peninsula.
The pro-Russia regional Parliament in Crimea crossed another line set by the United States and Europe by voting to hold a referendum on whether to secede from Ukraine and become part of Russia. It scheduled the vote for March 16, hoping to win popular approval for the Russian military seizure of the region. But the authorities in the Ukrainian capital, Kiev, backed by the United States and Europe, denounced the move.
In Yalta and Simferopol, Crimean citizens spoke about the planned referendum on whether to break from Ukraine and join the Russian Federation.
“Any discussion about the future of Ukraine must include the legitimate government of Ukraine,” Mr. Obama said in his only public remarks on the crisis on Thursday. “In 2014, we are well beyond the days when borders can be redrawn over the heads of democratic leaders.”
Early Friday, the Kremlin released a statement describing the phone call. “In the course of the discussion there emerged differences in approaches and assessments of the causes which brought about the current crisis and the resulting state of affairs,” the statement said. “Vladimir Putin, for his part, noted that this had occurred as a result of an anticonstitutional coup which does not have a national mandate.”
It went on to say that the current Ukrainian leadership has imposed “absolutely illegitimate decisions” on the eastern and southeastern regions of the country. “Russia cannot ignore appeals connected to this, calls for help, and acts appropriately, in accordance with international law,” the statement said. Mr. Putin, the statement said, appreciated the importance of the Russian-American relationship to global security, and added that bilateral ties “should not be sacrificed for individual — albeit rather important — international problems.”
European Union leaders issued a statement in Brussels calling an annexation referendum “contrary to the Ukrainian Constitution and therefore illegal.”
The sanctions Mr. Obama approved Thursday imposed visa bans on officials and other individuals deemed responsible for undermining Ukrainian sovereignty and territorial integrity. The administration would not disclose the names or number of people penalized, but a senior official said privately that it would affect just under a dozen people, mostly Russians but some Ukrainians.
Ukraine’s acting president, Oleksandr V. Turchynov, scoffed at a planned referendum under the watch of foreign troops. “This will be a farce,” he said in a televised address. “This will be false. This will be a crime against the state.”
If the referendum is held and most Crimeans opt to join Russia, it could create a thorny problem for the United States and European countries that typically support self-determination but oppose independence for regions in their own borders, like Scotland or Catalonia. [若克里米亞人民的複決被舉辦且多數的克里米亞人選擇加入俄羅斯，這將給美國及西歐國家製造一個棘手的問題，因為
(David M. Herszenhorn reported from Simferopol, Michael R. Gordon from Rome, and Alissa J. Rubin from Brussels. Reporting was contributed by Peter Baker and Eric Schmitt from Washington; Ellen Barry and Steven Lee Myers from Moscow; Alan Cowell from London; Steven Erlanger from Kiev, Ukraine; Rick Gladstone from New York; Patrick Reevell from Sevastopol, Ukraine; Andrew Roth from Donetsk, Ukraine; Somini Sengupta from the United Nations; and Noah Sneider from Simferopol.)
(A version of this article appears in print on March 7, 2014, on page A1 of the New York edition with the headline: Crimea Approves a Secession Vote as Tensions Rise.).
“A Defiant Putin Endorses Crimean Bid to Secede”
Kremlin-Backed Official Says Region Could Become Part of Russia Later This Month
By Lukas I. Alpert
Wall Street Journal
March 9, 2014
MOSCOW—Russian President Vladimir Putin threw his support Sunday behind Crimea's move to secede from Ukraine, defying Western threats of sanctions, as a Kremlin-backed official said the region could join Russia as soon as this month. [俄羅斯總統普廷不理會西方國家制裁的威脅，公開支持克里米亞人民準備透過公投以脫離烏克蘭、加入俄羅斯聯邦的行動。]
The White House, meanwhile, said President Barack Obama would meet the newly appointed Ukrainian prime minister in Washington on Wednesday and warned that further steps toward Russian annexing Crimea would lead to more economic and diplomatic pressure on Moscow.
But in calls with German Chancellor Angela Merkel and British Prime Minister David Cameron on Sunday, Mr. Putin showed no sign of giving ground. While the West has said Russia's occupation of Crimea and the region's secession referendum, which is scheduled for Sunday, violate international law, Mr. Putin called the planned vote legitimate.
"The steps taken by the legitimate leadership of Crimea are based on the norms of international law and aim to ensure the legal interests of the population of the peninsula," Mr. Putin said Sunday in the calls, according to a statement from the Kremlin.
Mr. Putin didn't say whether Russia intended to annex Crimea if the referendum to leave Ukraine and join Russia passes. But a Kremlin-backed leader in Crimea said the region could become part of Russia by the end of March if the vote succeeds.
Russia's Parliament has been fast-tracking a bill to speed up the process for Russia to absorb a foreign territory and issue Russian passports. A member of Russia's Parliament said Sunday it stood ready to provide the region with 40 billion rubles ($1.1 billion) for infrastructure development if it becomes part of the country, as Crimea relies largely on Ukraine for its water and electricity.
Tony Blinken, Mr. Obama's deputy national security adviser, said an annexation of Crimea violated international law and would never be recognized. [白宮的國家安全副顧問Tony Blinken表示，俄羅斯兼併克里米亞，違反國際法，美國將不承認此項兼併行動。]
"If there is an annexation of Crimea, a referendum that moves Crimea from Ukraine to Russia, we won't recognize it, nor will most of the world," he told CNN. "The pressure that we've already exerted in coordination with our partners and allies will go up."
He pointed to steep declines in the Russian ruble and Russia's stock markets last week as a result of international pressure and as proof that Russia was already paying a cost. The ruble has recovered some from the steep losses in recent days, however, and the stock-market losses have had little broader economic impact.
In an address to thousands gathered in central Kiev to celebrate the 200th birthday of Ukrainian nationalist writer Taras Shevchenko, the country's new prime minister, Arseniy Yatsenyuk, vowed to protect Ukraine's interests in Crimea but said it would achieve its goals diplomatically.
"This is our land," he told the crowd. "Our fathers and grandfathers have spilled their blood for this land. And we won't budge a single centimeter from Ukrainian land. Let Russia and its president know this." [烏克蘭總理Arseniy Yatsenyuk誓言保衛祖先所留下的土地，寸土不讓。]
Russia has increasingly pushed back at the threat of sanctions. On Saturday, Russia state news agencies reported the country's defense ministry may stop fulfilling arms-treaty commitments and block U.S. military inspections of its nuclear weapons in response to a move in Washington to suspend military cooperation with Moscow.
In an article in the state newspaper Rossiskaya Gazeta, Kirill Barsky, Russia's special envoy to the Shanghai Cooperation Organization suggested that Russia was prepared to face down any sanctions, noting that similar measures taken against China following the Tiananmen Square massacre in 1989 proved ineffective and that China's economy surged soon after.
The situation on the ground in Crimea grew more tense over the weekend. Russian troops and locals continued to besiege Ukrainian military bases in Crimea, halting delivery of food and supplies to some of them. On Sunday in Sevastopol, violence flared when a small crowd of Ukrainians gathered to celebrate Mr. Shevchenko's birthday. They were met by pro-Russian demonstrators who attacked men providing security for the event, punching and kicking them and beating one man with a whip.
The Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe said warning shots were fired as its military observer team attempted to enter the region Saturday and were stopped at an armed checkpoint. On Friday, the group issued a statement condemning reports of harassment and violence against reporters in region.Poland decided to evacuate its consulate in Crimea "because of continuing disturbances by Russian forces," the country's foreign minister, Radoslaw Sikorski, said Saturday.
On Sunday, there were signs of unrest in some eastern Ukrainian cities where Russian speakers are in the majority. In Luhansk, local media reported that a mob of several hundred protesters bearing Russian flags stormed the local government building and forced the new governor appointed by Kiev to sign a letter of resignation.
In the eastern industrial of Donetsk, boxer-turned-politician Vitali Klitschko who plans to run for president in Ukrainian elections on May 25, was forced to cancel a rally after a group of about 5,000 pro-Russian protesters gathered in the city's main square and had minor skirmishes with a pro-Kiev group.
Meanwhile, Sergei Aksyonov, the new Russian-backed leader in Crimea, issued a televised appeal to residents in other regions in Ukraine's south and east, calling on them to defy the new government in Kiev and hold their own votes on secession. He offered the support of the new Crimean government, as well as its "self-defense forces," referring to what Western officials say are Russian troops deployed in Crimea.
(Alan Cullison, Alexander Kolyandr and Carol E. Lee contributed to this article.)
台灣建州運動發起人周威霖
David C. Chou
Founder, Formosa Statehood Movement
(an organization devoted in current stage to making Taiwan a territorial commonwealth of the United States)
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